Ferrite compositions

ABSTRACT

Ferrite compositions, particularly ferrite coated substrates and more particularly fiber plys coated with ferrites in fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPC), and composites with a plurality of functionalized fiber layers, include a magnetic ferrite composition for coating a substrate, said composition comprising a resin, and dispersed therein ferrite particulates, wherein said ferrite particulates have an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm. The composition may be used to provide a ferrite composite structure comprising at least one fiber ply, with at least one layer of a magnetic ferrite composition deposed thereon, wherein said ply is substantially encapsulated in a binder matrix to form a fiber reinforced polymer composite.

The invention relates to ferrite compositions, particularly ferrite coated substrates and more particularly fibre plys coated with ferrites in fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPC), and composites with a plurality of functionalised fibre layers.

Fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) are finding increased use in structures or as replacement panels, such as, for example replacement panels on vehicles, vessels or crafts, to provide lighter and stronger materials than conventional metal panels.

Ferrites are ceramic compounds comprising iron oxides which have very advantageous magnetic properties. However, the ceramic ferrites are hard but very brittle and so their use as a component, are limited to units which have adequate physical protection of the ferrite component.

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a magnetic ferrite composition, said composition comprising a resin, and dispersed therein ferrite particulates, wherein said ferrite particulates have an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm; preferably the average longest dimension is in the range of from 50 to 150 nm. The ferrite may preferably be applied to a substrate.

The ferrite may be present in the ferrite composition in a loading range of from 20-90% v/v, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 80% v/v. The use of a film, layer or coating of a ferrite composition, when applied to a substrate, allows the ferrite to be structurally supported, by said substrate.

The ferrite composition may preferably contain only ferrite particulates in a resin binder.

The magnetic ferrite composition may be supported on a substrate or may be mixed with other fillers or particulates to form a composite resin.

The resin, may be any resin binder, such as for example acrylate binder such as, for example, methylmethacrylate MMA), an acrylic binder, an epoxy binder, a urethane & epoxy-modified acrylic binder, a polyurethane binder, an alkyd based binder, preferably an epoxy binder.

The resin may be curable resin such as to form a cured resin composite comprising said ferrite composition in a loading range of from 20-90% v/v, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 80% v/v.

The ferrite may be a soft ferrite, preferably a manganese-zinc ferrite or nickel-zinc ferrite material. The nickel ferrite may be in the form of NiFe₂O₄, and may additionally comprise one or more of Mn, Zn, Co, Cu or Mg, such as, for example Ni_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Cu_(y)Fe_(2-zd)Mn_(z)O₄, or Ni_(1-x)Zn_(x)Fe_(2-y)Mn_(y)O₄,

The substrate may be any structure, surface or element, such as electronic component, housing or fibre ply that is capable of being coated with a layer of the ferrite composition. To assist deposition of the ferrite composition, the ferrite composition may be further dispersed within a solvent. The deposition may be afforded by commonly used techniques, such as spraying, brushing, dipping, rolling, or a printing technique.

In a highly preferred arrangement the substrate is a fibre ply suitable for forming a fibre reinforced polymer composite. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a ferrite composite structure comprising at least one fibre ply, said fibre ply comprising said magnetic ferrite composition defined herein, optionally deposed thereon, wherein said ply is substantially encapsulated in a binder matrix to form a fibre reinforced polymer composite.

The layer of ferrite composition may cover part, substantially all or all of the fibre ply. The layer of ferrite composition may in the form a pattern on the at least one surface of the fibre ply. The pattern may be any shape, repeat unit or image, such as, for example a motif, or a frequency selective surface. The patterns may be selected to provide patch array antenna structures, such patterns may be regularly spaced, periodic or asymmetric to form a pattern capable of interacting with EM radiation.

The use of a partial covering of a ferrite composition allows for the provision of an active material within the composite, whilst allowing the binder matrix to flow through the weave of the fibre in the un-coated ie untreated, areas, to maintain structural rigidity to the final cured composite.

The at least one fibre ply may be selected from any combination of woven or non-woven fabrics, and may be selected from any material, such as for example, carbon, glass, ceramic, boron silicon carbide fibres, textile fibres or polymers, such as, for example aramids, polyolefins, and may be selected depending on the desired mechanical or physical properties of the device.

FRPCs typically comprise a plurality of fibre plys to impart strength to the final composite, preferably a further fibre ply, which has not been treated, may be located adjacent to the ferrite fibre ply. The multiplicity of fibre plys provides the structural rigidity to the final composite, the use of interspersed ferrite fibre plys between untreated fibre plys minimises the overall mass of the final composite.

The composite may comprise at least one metallic fibre ply, which is formed from a fibre ply with at least one layer of at least one non-ferrite metallic material.

The binder matrix may be selected from any commonly used resin binder, as defined earlier, ceramic binder such as, for example alumina or the magnetic ferrite composition as defined herein.

In one arrangement the binder matrix may comprise particulate fillers, preferably conductive particulate fillers, more preferably the binder matrix may be selected from the magnetic ferrite composition as defined herein. The particulate fillers are preferably nanosized ferrite material of less than 500 nm; preferably the average longest dimension is in the range of from 50 to 150 nm.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a device as defined herein, including the steps of providing at least one fibre ply to be treated, deposing or impregnating said magnetic ferrite composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 6 onto said fibre ply, encapsulating said ply in a binder matrix and causing a cure of said binder matrix.

The pattern of ferrite composition may be applied to a substrate by actively depositing the ferrite composition only on the required areas, such as, for example by use of a mask or an active printing nozzle, such via a printer. The pattern may also be formed by removing the unwanted portions of the deposed ferrite composition, using standard lithography techniques.

The ferrite fibre ply may be subjected to further chemical preparations to afford the desired material.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a ferrite composite structure comprising at least one glass fibre ply, with at least 40% v/v of a magnetic ferrite material powder embedded therein, wherein said ferrite has an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm, wherein said ply is substantially encapsulated in a binder matrix to form a fibre reinforced polymer composite.

According to a further aspect of the inventions there is a method of manufacturing a ferrite composite structure, comprising the steps of causing heating of a glass fibre to its softening point, embedding therein a ferrite powder, causing the fibre to cool,

encapsulating said ply in a binder matrix and causing a cure of said binder matrix.

In a highly preferred arrangement there are a plurality of fibre plys, so as to provide significant structural strength to the final composite. Conveniently the use of a pre-preg (pre-impregnated with binder matrix) fibre ply or pre-preg ferrite fibre ply may be used to facilitate lay-up of the device and subsequent manufacture.

Devices according to the invention may be used in new designs or to replace worn, damaged or outdated parts of any items which can be manufactured of a metallic material. Conveniently, where the device is used to replace a panel on an existing body, vehicle, vessel or craft, the device may preferably be engineered to the same dimensions as the original panel.

The device may be used to replace structural panels on a vehicle vessel or craft, such further potential uses on vehicles may include body panels on hybrid or electric drive vehicles where the devices of the invention can be used to save weight and bulk, compared to conventional devices. Such devices may also find use on free flooding hydrodynamic hulls of, say, submersible remotely operated vehicles. The devices would be especially useful on any vehicle where weight or bulk was at a premium like an aircraft or a satellite. On a satellite the saving in space and bulk of devices according to the invention which could be used to transfer heat or cooling to various systems and may extend service life of the satellite substantially.

Of potential great importance would be the use of devices according to the invention in electrical or electronic equipment, in particular portable equipment such as computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cameras and telephones. Here mountings for such equipment such as circuit boards, casings and the like could be made according to the invention which would, again, assist in cutting down the weight and bulk of such items enabling them to be lighter, smaller and possibly cheaper, owing to the reduced part count.

The composite structures may find particular use on large structure such as wind turbines. The composite structure may be a structural panel or an applique on vehicle vessel or craft.

Whilst the invention has been described above, it extends to any inventive combination of the features set out above, or in the following description, drawings or claims.

Exemplary embodiments of the device in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1a and 1b show a composite structure, and ferrite composition

FIG. 2 shows a patch antenna pattern deposed on the surface of a substrate.

FIG. 1a shows an example of a composite structure depicted generally at 10, comprising a nickel ferrite fibre ply 11, optionally a standard fibre ply 14, optionally a metallic coated fibre ply (non ferrite) 15. The fibre plys (11, 14, 15) are encapsulated in a binder matrix 12 to form the composite structure 10. The binder matrix 12 may also contain filler particulates 16, which may also be nickel ferrite particulates.

The enlarged cut portion shows the nickel ferrite fibre ply 11, which is formed from a standard fibre ply 14 a, which is impregnated with a ferrite composition 17 and optionally a surface coating 17 a of a ferrite composition. FIG. 1b shows a ferrite composition 17 comprising a resin 18 loaded with ferrite particulates 19.

The resin 18 and binder matrix 12, may be independently selected resins or may be selected from the same resin systems. In a preferred arrangement the ferrite composition 17 may also be selected as the preferred binder matrix material 12, such that the binder matrix 12 comprises ferrite particulates which are not deposed on the fibre ply.

The layers are not necessarily planar. Non-planar configurations may be employed, for example, to provide a curved or even a generally tubular device structure, or to provide devices which can be shaped to any currently existing shaped panel. The structures of the invention are well suited for such configurations.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of a patch antenna 21, which is formed from a substrate 23, which may be a fibre ply, with a deposed ferrite composition 22 in the form of an array pattern 22. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A ferrite composite structure comprising: at least one fibre ply including a magnetic ferrite composition disposed therein, said composition comprising a resin and a plurality of ferrite particulates, wherein said ferrite particulates are dispersed within said resin and have an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm, and said fibre ply is substantially encapsulated in a binder matrix to form a fibre reinforced polymer composite, in which said binder matrix is in contact with said fibre ply.
 2. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the average longest dimension is in the range of from 50 to 150 nm.
 3. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the ferrite is a soft ferrite.
 4. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the ferrite is present in the range of from 20 to 90% v/v.
 5. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 4, wherein the ferrite is present in the range of from 50 to 80% v/v.
 6. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the binder matrix comprises the magnetic ferrite composition.
 7. A vehicle vessel or craft comprising at least one composite structure according claim
 1. 8. A method of manufacturing a ferrite composite structure comprising at least one fibre ply, the method comprising: impregnating a magnetic ferrite composition into said at least one fibre ply, said composition consisting essentially of a resin and ferrite particulates, wherein said ferrite composition includes said ferrite particulates dispersed within said resin in a range of 50 to 80% v/v, said ferrite particulates have an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm; and encapsulating said at least one fibre ply in a binder matrix and causing a cure of said binder matrix thereby forming a fibre reinforced polymer composite.
 9. A ferrite composite structure comprising: at least one fibre ply impregnated with a ferrite composition, said composition consisting essentially of a resin and ferrite particulates, wherein said ferrite composition includes said ferrite particulates dispersed within said resin in a range of 50 to 80% v/v, and said ferrite particulates have an average longest dimension of less than 500 nm, wherein said fibre ply is substantially encapsulated in a binder matrix to form a fibre reinforced polymer composite.
 10. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 9, wherein the average longest dimension is in the range of from 50 to 150 nm.
 11. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 9, wherein the ferrite is a soft ferrite.
 12. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 9, wherein said ferrite composition further including filler particulates within said resin so as to form a composite resin.
 13. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 9, wherein said ferrite composition includes only said resin and said ferrite particulates.
 14. The ferrite composite structure according to claim 9, wherein said ferrite composition of said fibre ply is further disposed on said fibre ply and arranged in an array pattern. 